The Edge Computing Paradox - When Proximity Doesn’t Guarantee Low Latency

Edge computing has emerged as a key solution in distributed systems, aiming to bring computation closer to end users. This approach is particularly relevant for latency-sensitive applications like augmented reality (AR), traffic safety, and autonomous vehicles. The common assumption is simple: placing computation and storage resources closer to the user should reduce latency. However, real-world deployments reveal a more complex picture.

In a recent study, we examined network latency between a smartphone and an edge node hosted in Klagenfurt, Austria. The physical distance between them was less than two kilometers—yet the actual network routing distance was significantly longer. As a result, the expected low-latency advantage of edge computing did not fully materialize. This raises an important question: Why doesn’t proximity always translate to better performance?

The Hidden Complexity of Network Routing

The answer lies in how data packets travel through the network. While two devices might be geographically close, the underlying network infrastructure—governed by routing policies, peering agreements, and backbone connectivity—can send data on a much longer journey before reaching its destination. This effect is often overlooked when designing edge computing solutions.

Some key factors influencing latency include:

• Routing inefficiencies: Internet routing does not always follow the shortest physical path but rather economic and policy-driven routes.

• Peering agreements: Edge nodes hosted by different providers might not have direct interconnections, leading to traffic being routed through distant exchange points.

• Infrastructure constraints: The placement of edge servers matters, but so does the quality of the network fabric connecting them.

Rethinking Edge Deployments for better Performance

These findings highlight the importance of not just placing edge nodes closer to users but also optimizing network paths and considering real-world routing behavior. Simply deploying more edge nodes is not enough—network-aware placement strategies, improved ISP cooperation, and smarter routing mechanisms are needed to unlock the true potential of edge computing.

Our study underscores a crucial takeaway: low latency at the edge is not guaranteed by proximity alone. Instead, careful evaluation of network conditions, routing behavior, and infrastructure design is necessary to achieve the performance improvements edge computing promises.

If you’re interested in diving deeper into our findings, check out our full paper [insert link] or reach out—we’d love to discuss further!